Howard Saul Becker (born April 18, 1928) is an American sociologist who has made major contributions to the sociology of deviance, sociology of art, and sociology of music.[1] Becker also wrote extensively on sociological writing styles and methodologies.[1] Becker’s 1963 book Outsiders provided the foundations for labeling theory.[2] Becker is often called a symbolic interactionist or social constructionist, although he does not align himself with either method.[2] A graduate of the University of Chicago, Becker is considered part of the second Chicago School of Sociology, which also includes Erving Goffman and Anselm Strauss